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Hanging Basket Formwork
The walking system of the cradle can be track or tetrafluoroethylene skateboard, and the traction power is generally an electric winch, which includes a front traction device and a tail cable protection device. In order to ensure that the hanging basket has sufficient anti-overturning stability when pouring concrete, the rear anchoring is often set at the tail of the hanging basket, which is generally realized by the vertical prestressed tendons buried in the beam ribs. When the rear anchoring capacity is insufficient, it can also be used for tail weight and other measures.
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Structural Characteristics of the Hanging Basket:
The main function of the hanging basket is to support the formwork and bear the weight of the newly poured concrete. The working platform provides a place for tensioning and grouting to adjust the elevation. Therefore, the hanging basket not only requires sufficient strength guarantee, but also sufficient rigidity and stability, lightweight, flexible movement, and easy adjustment of elevation.
Force characteristics: The load carried by the bottom mold platform and the side mold brackets is transmitted vertically from the front and rear booms to the truss node and the box girder bottom plate. Therefore, it is also called a hanging basket structure. The truss is weighted or anchored at its rear end. Both are used to solve the overturning stability problem, and the truss itself is a bending structure.
The hanging basket is the main equipment in the cantilever construction. According to the structure, it can be divided into four types: truss type, diagonal pull-type, steel type, and mixed type. According to the requirements of the concrete cantilever construction process and the design drawings for the hanging basket, comprehensively compare the characteristics, weight, steel type, and construction technology of various forms of the hanging basket; the design principle of the hanging basket: lightweight, simple structure, strong and stable, forward movement It has the characteristics of convenient assembly and disassembly, strong reusability, small deformation after stress, and sufficient space under the hanging basket, which can provide a larger construction work surface and facilitate the construction of steel formwork.
The so-called hanging basket construction refers to the use of the hanging basket method when pouring a larger span cantilever beam bridge, and the on-site segmented cantilever operation. It does not need to erect supports and does not use large cranes. Compared with other methods, the hanging basket construction has the advantages of light structure, simple and convenient assembly, and no weight.
The cradle is manufactured in the factory and pre-compressed after installation on site. After checking the safety of the cradle and detecting the deflection of the guide beam, the template of the box girder can be erected, the steel bars are tied, the corrugated pipe is installed, and the concrete is poured. After pouring a pair of beam sections, pre-stressed paving is performed, and then the hanging basket is moved forward, and the next section of the box girder is poured until the cantilever end.
Main Features of Hanging Basket Construction:
➤ 1. It can bear the weight of the beam section and the construction load:
➤ 2. Large rigidity and small deformation;
➤ 3. Lightweight structure, easy to move forward;
➤ 4. The scope of application is large, and the bottom formwork is easy to lift and adapt to different beam heights.
The hanging basket consists of a bottom mold platform, a suspension adjustment system, a triangular composite beam, a sliding system, a balance and anchoring system, and a workbench.
Each hanging basket has two triangular composite beams. The bottom mold platform and suspension adjustment system are basically the same as the diamond hanging basket. The front sling is generally equipped with pinholes to cooperate with a screw jack to adjust the elevation of the bottom mold, and the rear boom of the bottom mold can be unloaded with a jack or sand drum.
① Triangular composite beam. The triangular composite beam is composed of I-type or II-type main beams and columns, inclined steel strips and section steel flat couplings, etc. Under the triangular composite beams are supports and slides. The column is generally shorter than the theoretical length by about 25mm. After installing the column and the cable-stayed steel belt, the column must be lifted up with a jack. The lifting force is determined by the calculation of the suspended weight, and the initial lifting force should be appropriately increased. Eliminate inelastic deformation, and then reduce to the calculated top force value. After plugging the bottom of the column with a steel plate and loosening the top, the main beam, the column, and the diagonal belt form a tightly integrated structural system.
② Glide system. There are two front and rear steel supports under each triangle. The joint between the main beam and the front support is provided with a support hinge made of flat steel, which is connected with the beam by bolts with springs to ensure the pressure on the bottom of the front support. It is uniform and allows a small amount of deformation of the main beam. There is a 30mm stainless steel slide plate under the support. Lay short wooden sleepers on the box girder, and cover hard miscellaneous wooden sleepers or reinforced concrete sleepers under the front support to reduce the deformation of the entire hanging basket. A straight U-shaped chute is set on the sleepers, and a 3mm thick PTFE board is placed in the groove. The sleepers, slides, and Teflon boards are used to fall forward with the forward movement of the hanging basket. When walking, the hanging basket should be equipped with a slip rope.
③ Weight and rear anchor. In order to ensure the longitudinal stability when traveling, steel ingots, or section steel weights are installed at the tail of the triangular composite beam, and the longitudinal anti-overturning stability safety factor K=1.3 is required. After the hanging basket is in place, the tail of the composite beam is bolted and the box beam is vertical. Connect and anchor to the prestressed tendons.
In the design of the hanging basket, the form of the hanging basket, the connection method, and the rods are often selected according to the existing data and actual construction requirements, and then the calculation is performed. This is the most commonly used method. Therefore, the choice of the structure of the hanging basket has become the primary issue in the design of the hanging basket.
According to the current level of cradle construction at home and abroad, the developed light cradle should meet the needs of actual bridge cantilever construction. The design should focus on the overall function and not a one-sided pursuit of light indicators. The overall concept is often reflected in the following aspects:
(1) Ways to reduce the weight of the hanging basket
① Choose a light structure with reasonable force, safety and reliability, and greater rigidity as the main truss of the hanging basket;
② The materials used for the hanging basket are based on a domestically produced high-strength light steel, and are easy to process;
③ When pouring the concrete with the cradle, the vertical prestressed tendons of the box girder are fully utilized at the rear to balance the overturning moment to cancel the counterweight, thereby reducing its own weight.
(2) Shorten the construction period of the hanging basket
① Hydraulic devices or easy-to-operate screw jacks are used for the walking of the hanging basket and the lifting of the template. The electric centralized control is used to improve the production efficiency and reduce the labor intensity of the workers by mechanization and automation;
② Under the condition that the force of the rear anchor is permitted, when the hanging basket is walking, the inner and outer molds can be synchronized in place to minimize the process and shorten the construction period;
③ The suspension system and anchoring system are easy to assemble and disassemble, and the adjustment is simple.
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